Middlings

Middlings, also known as red dog, brown flour, or low-grade flour, is a by-product generated during wheat processing. It consists of seed coat, pericarp, aleurone layer, germ, and part of the endosperm. It is rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, with a starch content of approximately 30%, accounting for about 4% of the total wheat grain yield. Its protein content is 12.5%-17%, mainly composed of albumin, globulin, gliadin, and glutenin.